Currently, I am working as an assistant professor at the Laboratory of Systems Biology. My main research interests include calcium handling during excitation-contraction coupling and molecule movements in cardiomyocytes.
Contact
Email: martin@sysbio.ioc.ee
Address:
Laboratory of Systems Biology
Department of Cybernetics
School of Science
Tallinn University of Technology
Akadeemia tee 15
12618 Tallinn
Estonia
Phone: (+372) 620 4406
Other Resources
Estonian Science Portal
ResearchGate
Publications
4906808
BJ28HM24
laasmaa
1
apa
50
date
desc
64
https://sysbio.ioc.ee/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22UUBEK43G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Karimi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026-03-31%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKarimi%2C%20H.%2C%20Gustavson%2C%20O.%2C%20%26%23x10C%3Besnokova%2C%20I.%2C%20Branovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282026%29.%20A%20Unified%20Platform%20for%20FCS%20and%20RICS%20Analysis%20with%20Advanced%20Statistical%20Inference.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BACS%20Omega%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2812%29%2C%2019201%26%23×2013%3B19219.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsomega.5c12269%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsomega.5c12269%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Unified%20Platform%20for%20FCS%20and%20RICS%20Analysis%20with%20Advanced%20Statistical%20Inference%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karimi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Otto%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gustavson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Irina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu010cesnokova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Fluorescence%20correlation%20spectroscopy%20%28FCS%29%20and%20raster%20image%20correlation%20spectroscopy%20%28RICS%29%20are%20powerful%20techniques%20for%20measuring%20molecular%20diffusion%2C%20concentration%2C%20and%20dynamics%20in%20biological%20systems%2C%20yet%20current%20analysis%20tools%20lack%20unified%20frameworks%20that%20combine%20advanced%20statistical%20methods%20with%20high-performance%20computing.%20We%20present%20an%20open-source%20Python%20platform%2C%20IOCBIO%20FCS%2C%20that%20integrates%20FCS%20and%20RICS%20analysis%20with%20GPU-accelerated%20autocorrelation%20function%20calculation%2C%20robust%20statistical%20inference%2C%20and%20realistic%20optical%20modeling.%20The%20platform%20uniquely%20provides%20capabilities%20absent%20from%20existing%20open-source%20tools%3A%20direct%20incorporation%20of%20experimentally%20measured%203D%20point%20spread%20functions%20into%20fitting%20procedures%2C%20comprehensive%20statistical%20frameworks%20encompassing%20Bayesian%20inference%20alongside%20generalized%2C%20weighted%2C%20and%20ordinary%20least-squares%20methods%20for%20rigorous%20uncertainty%20quantification%2C%20and%20combined%20multiple-angle%20RICS%20analysis%20for%20characterizing%20anisotropic%20diffusion%20in%20complex%20biological%20systems.%20Additional%20features%20include%20image%20partitioning%20for%20spatial%20parameter%20mapping%2C%20advanced%20filtering%20strategies%20for%20data%20quality%20control%2C%20and%20comprehensive%20visualization%20of%20fitted%20results%2C%20residuals%2C%20posterior%20distributions%2C%20and%20parameter%20maps.%20This%20platform%20establishes%20a%20reproducible%20workflow%20bridging%20modern%20fluorescence%20microscopy%20with%20quantitative%20analysis%20of%20molecular%20transport%20across%20biophysics%2C%20biochemistry%2C%20and%20cell%20biology%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026-03-31%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1021%5C%2Facsomega.5c12269%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22karimiUnifiedPlatformFCS2026a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1021%5C%2Facsomega.5c12269%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-04-06T13%3A49%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DW5TQ3A9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Branovets%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBranovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Stolova%2C%20J.%2C%20Shen%2C%20X.%2C%20R%26%23xE4%3Btsepso%2C%20T.%2C%20Bernasconi%2C%20R.%2C%20Soodla%2C%20K.%2C%20Balodis%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Grahv%2C%20C.%2C%20Hendrikson%2C%20E.%2C%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282025%29.%20Lifelong%20creatine%20deficiency%20leads%20to%20augmented%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20calcium%20release%20but%20not%20heart%20failure.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Heart%20and%20Circulatory%20Physiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B329%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20H471%26%23×2013%3BH489.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00106.2025%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00106.2025%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lifelong%20creatine%20deficiency%20leads%20to%20augmented%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20calcium%20release%20but%20not%20heart%20failure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jekaterina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Triinu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e4tsepso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernasconi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e4rol%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soodla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mihkel%20Jaan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balodis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e4rolin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grahv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eliise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hendrikson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Creatine%20kinase%20%28CK%29%20is%20considered%20a%20crucial%20energy%20transfer%20system%20in%20cardiac%20muscle.%20Some%20studies%20have%20suggested%20that%20reduced%20CK%20energy%20transfer%20in%20the%20heart%20causes%20energy%20starvation%2C%20limits%20cardiac%20performance%2C%20and%20ultimately%20leads%20to%20heart%20failure.%20In%20agreement%20with%20this%20hypothesis%2C%20the%20hearts%20from%20creatine-deficient%20mice%20lacking%20arginine%3Aglycine%20amidinotransferase%20%28AGAT%20KO%29%20have%20been%20shown%2C%20in%20some%20experiments%2C%20to%20resemble%20failing%20hearts.%20However%2C%20it%20is%20unclear%20if%20AGAT%20KO%20induces%20changes%20in%20cardiomyocyte%20substructure%20and%20Ca2%2B%20cycling%20that%20resemble%20heart%20failure%2C%20including%20impairment%20of%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20%28SR%29%20Ca2%2B%20release%20and%20reuptake.%20To%20investigate%20this%2C%20we%20assessed%20functional%20and%20structural%20aspects%20of%20Ca2%2B%20handling%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20KO%20and%20WT%20littermates.%20We%20found%20minor%2C%20sex-dependent%20differences%20in%20the%20organization%20of%20transverse%20tubules%20and%20ryanodine%20receptors%20%28RyRs%29%2C%20no%20differences%20in%20the%20expression%20and%20relative%20phosphorylation%20of%20RyR%20and%20PLB%2C%20but%20higher%20S100A1%20expression%20levels.%20AGAT%20KO%20cardiomyocytes%20exhibited%20larger%20and%20longer%20Ca2%2B%20transients%20with%20the%20same%20decay%20rate%20as%20WT.%20Ca2%2B%20spark%20frequency%20and%20SR%20Ca2%2B%20content%20were%20also%20increased%20in%20KO%2C%20while%20sodium-calcium%20exchanger%20activity%20was%20unchanged.%20Thus%2C%20our%20results%20strongly%20suggest%20that%20SR%20Ca2%2B%20cycling%20is%20augmented%20in%20AGAT%20KO%20hearts.%20Although%20AGAT%20KO%20hearts%20also%20exhibited%20increased%20AMPK%20activation%2C%20suggesting%20higher%20levels%20of%20AMP%5C%2FADP%2C%20this%20did%20not%20detectably%20impair%20sarcoendoplasmic%20reticulum%20Ca2%2B-ATPase%20activity.%20In%20conclusion%2C%20the%20changes%20in%20AGAT%20KO%20cardiomyocytes%20are%20opposite%20to%20those%20in%20failing%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20showing%20that%20lifelong%20absence%20of%20CK%20energy%20transfer%20does%20not%20lead%20to%20heart%20failure.%5Cn%5CnNEW%20%26amp%3B%20NOTEWORTHY%20Previous%20studies%20have%20suggested%20that%20reduced%20creatine%20kinase%20%28CK%29%20activity%20may%20lead%20to%20heart%20failure.%20Here%2C%20we%20studied%20calcium%20handling%20in%20the%20hearts%20of%20creatine-deficient%20arginine-glycine%20amidino-transferase%20knockout%20%28AGAT%20KO%29%20mice%20with%20lifelong%20inhibition%20of%20CK.%20In%20contrast%20to%20failing%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20AGAT%20KO%20cardiomyocytes%20exhibited%20larger%20calcium%20transients%20due%20to%20more%20readily%20firing%20RyR%20clusters%20releasing%20more%20calcium%20from%20the%20SR.%20Thus%2C%20lifelong%20creatine%20deficiency%20does%20not%20lead%20to%20the%20phenotype%20observed%20in%20heart%20failure.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-08%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00106.2025%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22branovetsLifelongCreatineDeficiency2025b%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.physiology.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00106.2025%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220363-6135%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YHMGDDAC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Karimi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-04-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKarimi%2C%20H.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Pihlak%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282025%29.%20Statistical%20analysis%20of%20fluorescence%20intensity%20transients%20with%20Bayesian%20methods.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScience%20Advances%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2816%29%2C%20eads4609.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.ads4609%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.ads4609%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Statistical%20analysis%20of%20fluorescence%20intensity%20transients%20with%20Bayesian%20methods%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hamed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karimi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pihlak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Molecular%20movement%20and%20interactions%20at%20the%20single-molecule%20level%2C%20particularly%20in%20live%20cells%2C%20are%20often%20studied%20using%20fluorescence%20correlation%20spectroscopy%20%28FCS%29.%20While%20powerful%2C%20FCS%20has%20notable%20drawbacks%3A%20It%20requires%20high%20laser%20intensities%20and%20long%20acquisition%20times%2C%20increasing%20phototoxicity%2C%20and%20often%20relies%20on%20problematic%20statistical%20assumptions%20in%20data%20fitting.%20We%20introduce%20fluorescence%20intensity%20trace%20statistical%20analysis%20%28FITSA%29%2C%20a%20Bayesian%20method%20that%20directly%20analyzes%20fluorescence%20intensity%20traces.%20FITSA%20offers%20faster%2C%20more%20stable%20convergence%20than%20previous%20approaches%20and%20provides%20robust%20parameter%20estimation%20from%20far%20shorter%20measurements%20than%20conventional%20FCS.%20Our%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20FITSA%20achieves%20comparable%20precision%20to%20FCS%20while%20requiring%20substantially%20fewer%20photons.%20This%20advantage%20becomes%20even%20more%20pronounced%20when%20accounting%20for%20statistical%20dependencies%20in%20FCS%20analysis%2C%20which%20are%20often%20overlooked%20but%20necessary%20for%20accurate%20error%20estimation.%20By%20reducing%20laser%20exposure%2C%20FITSA%20minimizes%20phototoxicity%20effects%2C%20representing%20a%20major%20advancement%20in%20the%20quantitative%20analysis%20of%20molecular%20processes%20across%20fields.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-04-18%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.ads4609%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22karimiStatisticalAnalysisFluorescence2025%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.science.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1126%5C%2Fsciadv.ads4609%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%2C%22T99UCG2H%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DGB4FHAZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaska%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-08-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJaska%2C%20L.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282024%29.%20Simple%20Analysis%20of%20Gel%20Images%20With%20IOCBIO%20Gel%20Software.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBio-Protocol%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B14%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2816%29%2C%20e5053.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.21769%5C%2FBioProtoc.5053%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.21769%5C%2FBioProtoc.5053%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Simple%20Analysis%20of%20Gel%20Images%20With%20IOCBIO%20Gel%20Software%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaska%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Gel%20image%20analyses%20are%20often%20difficult%20to%20reproduce%2C%20as%20the%20most%20commonly%20used%20software%2C%20the%20ImageJ%20Gels%20plugin%2C%20does%20not%20automatically%20record%20any%20steps%20in%20the%20analysis%20process.%20This%20protocol%20provides%20detailed%20steps%20for%20image%20analysis%20using%20IOCBIO%20Gel%20software%20with%20western%20blot%20as%20an%20example%3B%20however%2C%20the%20protocol%20is%20applicable%20to%20all%20images%20obtained%20by%20electrophoresis%2C%20such%20as%20Southern%20blotting%2C%20northern%20blotting%2C%20and%20isoelectric%20focusing.%20IOCBIO%20Gel%20allows%20multiple%20sample%20analyses%2C%20linking%20the%20original%20image%20to%20all%20the%20operations%20performed%20on%20it%2C%20which%20can%20be%20stored%20in%20a%20central%20database%20or%20on%20a%20PC%2C%20ensuring%20ease%20of%20access%20and%20the%20possibility%20to%20perform%20corrections%20at%20each%20analysis%20stage.%20In%20addition%2C%20IOCBIO%20Gel%20is%20lightweight%2C%20with%20only%20minimal%20computer%20requirements.%20Key%20features%20%5Cu2022%20Free%20and%20open-source%20software%20for%20analyzing%20gel%20images.%20%5Cu2022%20Reproducibility.%20%5Cu2022%20Can%20be%20used%20with%20images%20obtained%20by%20electrophoresis%2C%20such%20as%20western%20blotting%2C%20Southern%20blotting%2C%20isoelectric%20focusing%2C%20and%20more.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-08-20%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.21769%5C%2FBioProtoc.5053%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22jaskaSimpleAnalysisGel2024%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2239210956%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22PMC11349490%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222331-8325%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WP7XDDUZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fctt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BK%26%23xFC%3Btt%2C%20J.%2C%20Margus%2C%20G.%2C%20Kask%2C%20L.%2C%20R%26%23xE4%3Btsepso%2C%20T.%2C%20Soodla%2C%20K.%2C%20Bernasconi%2C%20R.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20J%26%23xE4%3Brv%2C%20P.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282023%29.%20Simple%20analysis%20of%20gel%20images%20with%20IOCBIO%20Gel.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBMC%20Biology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B21%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20225.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12915-023-01734-8%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12915-023-01734-8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Simple%20analysis%20of%20gel%20images%20with%20IOCBIO%20Gel%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaak%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00fctt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Georg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Margus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kask%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Triinu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e4tsepso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K%5Cu00e4rol%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soodla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernasconi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Priit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e4rv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Current%20solutions%20for%20the%20analysis%20of%20Western%20Blot%20images%20lack%20either%20transparency%20and%20reproducibility%20or%20can%20be%20tedious%20to%20use%20if%20one%20has%20to%20ensure%20the%20reproducibility%20of%20the%20analysis.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-20%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12915-023-01734-8%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22kuttSimpleAnalysisGel2023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12915-023-01734-8%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221741-7007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UD8EWI9K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Li%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLi%2C%20J.%2C%20Sundnes%2C%20J.%2C%20Hou%2C%20Y.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Ruud%2C%20M.%2C%20Unger%2C%20A.%2C%20Kolstad%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Frisk%2C%20M.%2C%20Norseng%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Yang%2C%20L.%2C%20Setterberg%2C%20I.%20E.%2C%20Alves%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Kalakoutis%2C%20M.%2C%20Sejersted%2C%20O.%20M.%2C%20Lanner%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Linke%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20Lunde%2C%20I.%20G.%2C%20de%20Tombe%2C%20P.%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%20%282023%29.%20Stretch%20Harmonizes%20Sarcomere%20Strain%20Across%20the%20Cardiomyocyte.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCirculation%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B133%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20255%26%23×2013%3B270.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.123.322588%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.123.322588%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Stretch%20Harmonizes%20Sarcomere%20Strain%20Across%20the%20Cardiomyocyte%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joakim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sundnes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yufeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marianne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Terje%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kolstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frisk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Per%20Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norseng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Limin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ingunn%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Setterberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Estela%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michaeljohn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalakoutis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ole%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sejersted%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johanna%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lanner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wolfgang%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ida%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lunde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pieter%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Tombe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%5Cn%5CnIncreasing%20cardiomyocyte%20contraction%20during%20myocardial%20stretch%20serves%20as%20the%20basis%20for%20the%20Frank-Starling%20mechanism%20in%20the%20heart.%20However%2C%20it%20remains%20unclear%20how%20this%20phenomenon%20occurs%20regionally%20within%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20at%20the%20level%20of%20individual%20sarcomeres.%20We%20investigated%20sarcomere%20contractile%20synchrony%20and%20how%20intersarcomere%20dynamics%20contribute%20to%20increasing%20contractility%20during%20cell%20lengthening.%5Cn%5CnMETHODS%3A%5Cn%5CnSarcomere%20strain%20and%20Ca2%2B%20were%20simultaneously%20recorded%20in%20isolated%20left%20ventricular%20cardiomyocytes%20during%201%20Hz%20field%20stimulation%20at%2037%5Cu2009%5Cu00b0C%2C%20at%20resting%20length%20and%20following%20stepwise%20stretch.%5Cn%5CnRESULTS%3A%5Cn%5CnWe%20observed%20that%20in%20unstretched%20rat%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20differential%20sarcomere%20deformation%20occurred%20during%20each%20beat.%20Specifically%2C%20while%20most%20sarcomeres%20shortened%20during%20the%20stimulus%2C%20%5Cu224810%25%20to%2020%25%20of%20sarcomeres%20were%20stretched%20or%20remained%20stationary.%20This%20nonuniform%20strain%20was%20not%20traced%20to%20regional%20Ca2%2B%20disparities%20but%20rather%20shorter%20resting%20lengths%20and%20lower%20force%20production%20in%20systolically%20stretched%20sarcomeres.%20Lengthening%20of%20the%20cell%20recruited%20additional%20shortening%20sarcomeres%2C%20which%20increased%20contractile%20efficiency%20as%20less%20negative%2C%20wasted%20work%20was%20performed%20by%20stretched%20sarcomeres.%20Given%20the%20known%20role%20of%20titin%20in%20setting%20sarcomere%20dimensions%2C%20we%20next%20hypothesized%20that%20modulating%20titin%20expression%20would%20alter%20intersarcomere%20dynamics.%20Indeed%2C%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20mice%20with%20titin%20haploinsufficiency%2C%20we%20observed%20greater%20variability%20in%20resting%20sarcomere%20length%2C%20lower%20recruitment%20of%20shortening%20sarcomeres%2C%20and%20impaired%20work%20performance%20during%20cell%20lengthening.%5Cn%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%5Cn%5CnGraded%20sarcomere%20recruitment%20directs%20cardiomyocyte%20work%20performance%2C%20and%20harmonization%20of%20sarcomere%20strain%20increases%20contractility%20during%20cell%20stretch.%20By%20setting%20sarcomere%20dimensions%2C%20titin%20controls%20sarcomere%20recruitment%2C%20and%20its%20lowered%20expression%20in%20haploinsufficiency%20mutations%20impairs%20cardiomyocyte%20contractility.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-21%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.123.322588%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22liStretchHarmonizesSarcomere2023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ahajournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.123.322588%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L9L4IQEL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHou%2C%20Y.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Li%2C%20J.%2C%20Shen%2C%20X.%2C%20Manfra%2C%20O.%2C%20Nord%26%23xE9%3Bn%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Le%2C%20C.%2C%20Zhang%2C%20L.%2C%20Sjaastad%2C%20I.%2C%20Jones%2C%20P.%20P.%2C%20Soeller%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%20%282023%29.%20Live-cell%20photoactivated%20localization%20microscopy%20correlates%20nanoscale%20ryanodine%20receptor%20configuration%20to%20calcium%20sparks%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNature%20Cardiovascular%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20251%26%23×2013%3B267.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs44161-022-00199-2%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs44161-022-00199-2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Live-cell%20photoactivated%20localization%20microscopy%20correlates%20nanoscale%20ryanodine%20receptor%20configuration%20to%20calcium%20sparks%20in%20cardiomyocytes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yufeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ornella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manfra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Einar%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nord%5Cu00e9n%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lili%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sjaastad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soeller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ca2%2B%20sparks%20constitute%20the%20fundamental%20units%20of%20Ca2%2B%20release%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%20Here%20we%20investigate%20how%20ryanodine%20receptors%20%28RyRs%29%20collectively%20generate%20these%20events%20by%20employing%20a%20transgenic%20mouse%20with%20a%20photoactivated%20label%20on%20RyR2.%20This%20allowed%20correlative%20imaging%20of%20RyR%20localization%2C%20by%20super-resolution%20photoactivated%20localization%20microscopy%2C%20and%20Ca2%2B%20sparks%2C%20by%20high-speed%20imaging.%20Two%20populations%20of%20Ca2%2B%20sparks%20were%20observed%3A%20stationary%20events%20and%20%5Cu2018traveling%5Cu2019%20events%20that%20spread%20between%20neighboring%20RyR%20clusters.%20Traveling%20sparks%20exhibited%20up%20to%20eight%20distinct%20releases%2C%20sourced%20from%20local%20or%20distal%20junctional%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum.%20Quantitative%20analyses%20showed%20that%20sparks%20may%20be%20triggered%20by%20any%20number%20of%20RyRs%20within%20a%20cluster%2C%20and%20that%20acute%20%5Cu03b2-adrenergic%20stimulation%20augments%20intracluster%20RyR%20recruitment%20to%20generate%20larger%20events.%20In%20contrast%2C%20RyR%20%5Cu2018dispersion%5Cu2019%20during%20heart%20failure%20facilitates%20the%20generation%20of%20traveling%20sparks.%20Thus%2C%20RyRs%20cooperatively%20generate%20Ca2%2B%20sparks%20in%20a%20complex%2C%20malleable%20fashion%2C%20and%20channel%20organization%20regulates%20the%20propensity%20for%20local%20propagation%20of%20Ca2%2B%20release.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-03%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs44161-022-00199-2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22houLivecellPhotoactivatedLocalization2023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs44161-022-00199-2%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222731-0590%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N2N5ACYK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Branovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Stolova%2C%20J.%2C%20Shen%2C%20X.%2C%20R%26%23xE4%3Btsepso%2C%20T.%2C%20Balodis%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Grahv%2C%20C.%2C%20Hendrikson%2C%20E.%2C%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282023%29.%20Cardiomyocytes%20from%20female%20compared%20to%20male%20mice%20have%20larger%20ryanodine%20receptor%20clusters%20and%20higher%20calcium%20spark%20frequency.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Journal%20of%20Physiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B601%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2818%29%2C%204033%26%23×2013%3B4052.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1113%5C%2FJP284515%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1113%5C%2FJP284515%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cardiomyocytes%20from%20female%20compared%20to%20male%20mice%20have%20larger%20ryanodine%20receptor%20clusters%20and%20higher%20calcium%20spark%20frequency%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jekaterina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Triinu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e4tsepso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mihkel%20Jaan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balodis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e4rolin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grahv%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eliise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hendrikson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sex%20differences%20in%20cardiac%20physiology%20are%20receiving%20increased%20attention%20as%20it%20has%20become%20clear%20that%20men%20and%20women%20have%20different%20aetiologies%20of%20cardiac%20disease%20and%20require%20different%20treatments.%20There%20are%20experimental%20data%20suggesting%20that%20male%20cardiomyocytes%20exhibit%20larger%20Ca2%2B%20transients%20due%20to%20larger%20Ca2%2B%20sparks%20and%20a%20higher%20excitation%5Cu2013contraction%20coupling%20gain%3B%20in%20addition%2C%20they%20exhibit%20a%20larger%20response%20to%20adrenergic%20stimulation%20with%20isoprenaline%20%28ISO%29.%20Here%2C%20we%20studied%20whether%20there%20are%20sex%20differences%20relating%20to%20structural%20organization%20of%20the%20transverse%20tubular%20network%20and%20ryanodine%20receptors%20%28RyRs%29.%20Surprisingly%2C%20we%20found%20that%20female%20cardiomyocytes%20exhibited%20a%20higher%20spark%20frequency%20in%20a%20range%20of%20spark%20magnitudes.%20While%20overall%20RyR%20expression%20and%20phosphorylation%20were%20the%20same%2C%20female%20cardiomyocytes%20had%20larger%20but%20fewer%20RyR%20clusters.%20The%20density%20of%20transverse%20t-tubules%20was%20the%20same%2C%20but%20male%20cardiomyocytes%20had%20more%20longitudinal%20t-tubules.%20The%20Ca2%2B%20transients%20were%20similar%20in%20male%20and%20female%20cardiomyocytes%20under%20control%20conditions%20and%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20ISO.%20The%20synchrony%20of%20the%20Ca2%2B%20transients%20was%20similar%20between%20sexes%20as%20well.%20Overall%2C%20our%20data%20suggest%20subtle%20sex%20differences%20in%20the%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20and%20efflux%20pathways%20and%20their%20response%20to%20ISO%2C%20but%20these%20differences%20are%20balanced%2C%20resulting%20in%20similar%20Ca2%2B%20transients%20in%20field-stimulated%20male%20and%20female%20cardiomyocytes.%20The%20higher%20spark%20frequency%20in%20female%20cardiomyocytes%20is%20related%20to%20the%20organization%20of%20RyRs%20into%20larger%2C%20but%20fewer%20clusters.%20Key%20points%20During%20a%20heartbeat%2C%20the%20force%20of%20contraction%20depends%20on%20the%20amplitude%20of%20the%20calcium%20transient%2C%20which%20in%20turn%20depends%20on%20the%20amount%20of%20calcium%20released%20as%20calcium%20sparks%20through%20ryanodine%20receptors%20in%20the%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum.%20Previous%20studies%20suggest%20that%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20male%20compared%20to%20female%20mice%20exhibit%20larger%20calcium%20sparks%2C%20larger%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20calcium%20release%20and%20greater%20response%20to%20adrenergic%20stimulation%20triggering%20a%20fight-or-flight%20response.%20In%20contrast%2C%20we%20show%20that%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20female%20mice%20have%20a%20higher%20spark%20frequency%20during%20adrenergic%20stimulation%20and%20similar%20spark%20morphology.%20The%20higher%20spark%20frequency%20is%20related%20to%20the%20organization%20of%20ryanodine%20receptors%20into%20fewer%2C%20but%20larger%20clusters%20in%20female%20compared%20to%20male%20mouse%20cardiomyocytes.%20Despite%20subtle%20sex%20differences%20in%20cardiomyocyte%20structure%20and%20calcium%20fluxes%2C%20the%20differences%20are%20balanced%2C%20leading%20to%20similar%20calcium%20transients%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20male%20and%20female%20mice.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1113%5C%2FJP284515%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaCardiomyocytesFemaleCompared2023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1113%5C%2FJP284515%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-7793%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZKA9DUTB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A10940083%2C%22username%22%3A%22maikemona%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmaikemona%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Birkedal%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-11-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBirkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Branovets%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282022%29.%20Ontogeny%20of%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20ultrastructure%20optimization%20to%20meet%20the%20demand%20for%20tight%20communication%20in%20excitation%26%23×2013%3Bcontraction%20coupling%20and%20energy%20transfer.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPhilosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B377%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281864%29%2C%2020210321.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0321%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0321%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ontogeny%20of%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20ultrastructure%20optimization%20to%20meet%20the%20demand%20for%20tight%20communication%20in%20excitation%5Cu2013contraction%20coupling%20and%20energy%20transfer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ontogeny%20of%20the%20heart%20describes%20its%20development%20from%20the%20fetal%20to%20the%20adult%20stage.%20In%20newborn%20mammals%2C%20blood%20pressure%20and%20thus%20cardiac%20performance%20are%20relatively%20low.%20The%20cardiomyocytes%20are%20thin%2C%20and%20with%20a%20central%20core%20of%20mitochondria%20surrounded%20by%20a%20ring%20of%20myofilaments%2C%20while%20the%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20%28SR%29%20is%20sparse.%20During%20development%2C%20as%20blood%20pressure%20and%20performance%20increase%2C%20the%20cardiomyocytes%20become%20more%20packed%20with%20structures%20involved%20in%20excitation%5Cu2013contraction%20%28e-c%29%20coupling%20%28SR%20and%20myofilaments%29%20and%20the%20generation%20of%20ATP%20%28mitochondria%29%20to%20fuel%20the%20contraction.%20In%20parallel%2C%20the%20e-c%20coupling%20relies%20increasingly%20on%20calcium%20fluxes%20through%20the%20SR%2C%20while%20metabolism%20relies%20increasingly%20on%20fatty%20acid%20oxidation.%20The%20development%20of%20transverse%20tubules%20and%20SR%20brings%20channels%20and%20transporters%20interacting%20via%20calcium%20closer%20to%20each%20other%20and%20is%20crucial%20for%20e-c%20coupling.%20However%2C%20for%20energy%20transfer%2C%20it%20may%20seem%20counterintuitive%20that%20the%20increased%20structural%20density%20restricts%20the%20overall%20ATP%5C%2FADP%20diffusion.%20In%20this%20review%2C%20we%20discuss%20how%20this%20is%20because%20of%20the%20organization%20of%20all%20these%20structures%20forming%20modules.%20Although%20the%20overall%20diffusion%20across%20modules%20is%20more%20restricted%2C%20the%20energy%20transfer%20within%20modules%20is%20fast.%20A%20few%20studies%20suggest%20that%20in%20failing%20hearts%20this%20modular%20design%20is%20disrupted%2C%20and%20this%20may%20compromise%20intracellular%20energy%20transfer.%5Cn%5CnThis%20article%20is%20part%20of%20the%20theme%20issue%20%5Cu2018The%20cardiomyocyte%3A%20new%20revelations%20on%20the%20interplay%20between%20architecture%20and%20function%20in%20growth%2C%20health%2C%20and%20disease%5Cu2019.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-11-21%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0321%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22birkedalOntogenyCardiomyocytesUltrastructure2022a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Froyalsocietypublishing.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1098%5C%2Frstb.2021.0321%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BD7X32KQ%22%2C%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-04-19T10%3A46%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226XWUUNV3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BShen%2C%20X.%2C%20van%20den%20Brink%2C%20J.%2C%20Bergan-Dahl%2C%20A.%2C%20Kolstad%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Norden%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Hou%2C%20Y.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Aguilar-Sanchez%2C%20Y.%2C%20Quick%2C%20A.%20P.%2C%20Espe%2C%20E.%20K.%2C%20Sjaastad%2C%20I.%2C%20Wehrens%2C%20X.%20H.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20A.%20G.%2C%20Soeller%2C%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%20%282022%29.%20Prolonged%20%26%23x3B2%3B-adrenergic%20stimulation%20disperses%20ryanodine%20receptor%20clusters%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20and%20has%20implications%20for%20heart%20failure.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BeLife%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20e77725.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7554%5C%2FeLife.77725%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7554%5C%2FeLife.77725%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prolonged%20%5Cu03b2-adrenergic%20stimulation%20disperses%20ryanodine%20receptor%20clusters%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20and%20has%20implications%20for%20heart%20failure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20den%20Brink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergan-Dahl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Terje%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kolstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Einar%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yufeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuriana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aguilar-Sanchez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ann%20P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emil%20KS%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Espe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sjaastad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xander%20HT%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wehrens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20G%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soeller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20L-H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aldrich%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ryanodine%20receptors%20%28RyRs%29%20exhibit%20dynamic%20arrangements%20in%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20and%20we%20previously%20showed%20that%20%5Cu2018dispersion%5Cu2019%20of%20RyR%20clusters%20disrupts%20Ca2%2B%20homeostasis%20during%20heart%20failure%20%28HF%29%20%28Kolstad%20et%20al.%2C%20eLife%2C%202018%29.%20Here%2C%20we%20investigated%20whether%20prolonged%20%5Cu03b2-adrenergic%20stimulation%2C%20a%20hallmark%20of%20HF%2C%20promotes%20RyR%20cluster%20dispersion%20and%20examined%20the%20underlying%20mechanisms.%20We%20observed%20that%20treatment%20of%20healthy%20rat%20cardiomyocytes%20with%20isoproterenol%20for%201%20hr%20triggered%20progressive%20fragmentation%20of%20RyR%20clusters.%20Pharmacological%20inhibition%20of%20Ca2%2B%5C%2Fcalmodulin-dependent%20protein%20kinase%20II%20%28CaMKII%29%20reversed%20these%20effects%2C%20while%20cluster%20dispersion%20was%20reproduced%20by%20specific%20activation%20of%20CaMKII%2C%20and%20in%20mice%20with%20constitutively%20active%20Ser2814-RyR.%20A%20similar%20role%20of%20protein%20kinase%20A%20%28PKA%29%20in%20promoting%20RyR%20cluster%20fragmentation%20was%20established%20by%20employing%20PKA%20activation%20or%20inhibition.%20Progressive%20cluster%20dispersion%20was%20linked%20to%20declining%20Ca2%2B%20spark%20fidelity%20and%20magnitude%2C%20and%20slowed%20release%20kinetics%20from%20Ca2%2B%20propagation%20between%20more%20numerous%20RyR%20clusters.%20In%20healthy%20cells%2C%20this%20served%20to%20dampen%20the%20stimulatory%20actions%20of%20%5Cu03b2-adrenergic%20stimulation%20over%20the%20longer%20term%20and%20protect%20against%20pro-arrhythmic%20Ca2%2B%20waves.%20However%2C%20during%20HF%2C%20RyR%20dispersion%20was%20linked%20to%20impaired%20Ca2%2B%20release.%20Thus%2C%20RyR%20localization%20and%20function%20are%20intimately%20linked%20via%20channel%20phosphorylation%20by%20both%20CaMKII%20and%20PKA%2C%20which%2C%20while%20finely%20tuned%20in%20healthy%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20underlies%20impaired%20cardiac%20function%20during%20pathology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-08-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7554%5C%2FeLife.77725%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22shenProlongedVadrenergicStimulation2022c%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7554%5C%2FeLife.77725%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222050-084X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%2C%22EGJDGEQL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XADEA58M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Frisk%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFrisk%2C%20M.%2C%20Le%2C%20C.%2C%20Shen%2C%20X.%2C%20R%26%23xF8%3Be%2C%20%26%23xC5%3B.%20T.%2C%20Hou%2C%20Y.%2C%20Manfra%2C%20O.%2C%20Silva%2C%20G.%20J.%20J.%2C%20van%20Hout%2C%20I.%2C%20Norden%2C%20E.%20S.%2C%20Aronsen%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Espe%2C%20E.%20K.%20S.%2C%20Zouein%2C%20F.%20A.%2C%20Lambert%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Dahl%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Sjaastad%2C%20I.%2C%20Lunde%2C%20I.%20G.%2C%20Coffey%2C%20S.%2C%20Cataliotti%2C%20A.%2C%20%26%23×2026%3B%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Etiology-Dependent%20Impairment%20of%20Diastolic%20Cardiomyocyte%20Calcium%20Homeostasis%20in%20Heart%26%23xA0%3BFailure%20With%20Preserved%20Ejection%20Fraction.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20the%20American%20College%20of%20Cardiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B77%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20405%26%23×2013%3B419.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jacc.2020.11.044%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jacc.2020.11.044%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Etiology-Dependent%20Impairment%20of%20Diastolic%20Cardiomyocyte%20Calcium%20Homeostasis%20in%20Heart%5Cu00a0Failure%20With%20Preserved%20Ejection%20Fraction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frisk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c5smund%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00f8e%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yufeng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ornella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manfra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gustavo%20J.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Silva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Hout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Einar%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Magnus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aronsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emil%20K.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Espe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fouad%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zouein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regis%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lambert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christen%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dahl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sjaastad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ida%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lunde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coffey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alessandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cataliotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lars%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gullestad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22T%5Cu00f8nnessen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raffaele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Altara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnWhereas%20heart%20failure%20with%20reduced%20ejection%20fraction%20%28HFrEF%29%20is%20associated%20with%20ventricular%20dilation%20and%20markedly%20reduced%20systolic%20function%2C%20heart%20failure%20with%20preserved%20ejection%20fraction%20%28HFpEF%29%20patients%20exhibit%20concentric%20hypertrophy%20and%20diastolic%20dysfunction.%20Impaired%20cardiomyocyte%20Ca2%2B%20homeostasis%20in%20HFrEF%20has%20been%20linked%20to%20disruption%20of%20membrane%20invaginations%20called%20t-tubules%2C%20but%20it%20is%20unknown%20if%20such%20changes%20occur%20in%20HFpEF.%5CnObjectives%5CnThis%20study%20examined%20whether%20distinct%20cardiomyocyte%20phenotypes%20underlie%20the%20heart%20failure%20entities%20of%20HFrEF%20and%20HFpEF.%5CnMethods%5CnT-tubule%20structure%20was%20investigated%20in%20left%20ventricular%20biopsies%20obtained%20from%20HFrEF%20and%20HFpEF%20patients%2C%20whereas%20cardiomyocyte%20Ca2%2B%20homeostasis%20was%20studied%20in%20rat%20models%20of%20these%20conditions.%5CnResults%5CnHFpEF%20patients%20exhibited%20increased%20t-tubule%20density%20in%20comparison%20with%20control%20subjects.%20Super-resolution%20imaging%20revealed%20that%20higher%20t-tubule%20density%20resulted%20from%20both%20tubule%20dilation%20and%20proliferation.%20In%20contrast%2C%20t-tubule%20density%20was%20reduced%20in%20patients%20with%20HFrEF.%20Augmented%20collagen%20deposition%20within%20t-tubules%20was%20observed%20in%20HFrEF%20but%20not%20HFpEF%20hearts.%20A%20causative%20link%20between%20mechanical%20stress%20and%20t-tubule%20disruption%20was%20supported%20by%20markedly%20elevated%20ventricular%20wall%20stress%20in%20HFrEF%20patients.%20In%20HFrEF%20rats%2C%20t-tubule%20loss%20was%20linked%20to%20impaired%20systolic%20Ca2%2B%20homeostasis%2C%20although%20diastolic%20Ca2%2B%20removal%20was%20also%20reduced.%20In%20contrast%2C%20Ca2%2B%20transient%20magnitude%20and%20release%20kinetics%20were%20largely%20maintained%20in%20HFpEF%20rats.%20However%2C%20diastolic%20Ca2%2B%20impairments%2C%20including%20reduced%20sarco%5C%2Fendoplasmic%20reticulum%20Ca2%2B-ATPase%20activity%2C%20were%20specifically%20observed%20in%20diabetic%20HFpEF%20but%20not%20in%20ischemic%20or%20hypertensive%20models.%5CnConclusions%5CnAlthough%20t-tubule%20disruption%20and%20impaired%20cardiomyocyte%20Ca2%2B%20release%20are%20hallmarks%20of%20HFrEF%2C%20such%20changes%20are%20not%20prominent%20in%20HFpEF.%20Impaired%20diastolic%20Ca2%2B%20homeostasis%20occurs%20in%20both%20conditions%2C%20but%20in%20HFpEF%2C%20this%20mechanism%20for%20diastolic%20dysfunction%20is%20etiology-dependent.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%202%2C%202021%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jacc.2020.11.044%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22friskEtiologyDependentImpairmentDiastolic2021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0735109720379122%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220735-1097%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2265HVX4CD%22%2C%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TJ723E7D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Branovets%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBranovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Karro%2C%20N.%2C%20Barsunova%2C%20K.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Lygate%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Cardiac%20expression%20and%20location%20of%20hexokinase%20changes%20in%20a%20mouse%20model%20of%20pure%20creatine%20deficiency.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Heart%20and%20Circulatory%20Physiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B320%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20H613%26%23×2013%3BH629.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00188.2020%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00188.2020%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cardiac%20expression%20and%20location%20of%20hexokinase%20changes%20in%20a%20mouse%20model%20of%20pure%20creatine%20deficiency%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barsunova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lygate%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Creatine%20kinase%20%28CK%29%20is%20considered%20the%20main%20phosphotransfer%20system%20in%20the%20heart%2C%20important%20for%20overcoming%20diffusion%20restrictions%20and%20regulating%20mitochondrial%20respiration.%20It%20is%20substrate%20limited%20in%20creatine-deficient%20mice%20lacking%20l-arginine%3Aglycine%20amidinotransferase%20%28AGAT%29%20or%20guanidinoacetate%20N-methyltranferase%20%28GAMT%29.%20Our%20aim%20was%20to%20determine%20the%20expression%2C%20activity%2C%20and%20mitochondrial%20coupling%20of%20hexokinase%20%28HK%29%20and%20adenylate%20kinase%20%28AK%29%2C%20as%20these%20represent%20alternative%20energy%20transfer%20systems.%20In%20permeabilized%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20we%20assessed%20how%20much%20endogenous%20ADP%20generated%20by%20HK%2C%20AK%2C%20or%20CK%20stimulated%20mitochondrial%20respiration%20and%20how%20much%20was%20channeled%20to%20mitochondria.%20In%20whole%20heart%20homogenates%2C%20and%20cytosolic%20and%20mitochondrial%20fractions%2C%20we%20measured%20the%20activities%20of%20AK%2C%20CK%2C%20and%20HK.%20Lastly%2C%20we%20assessed%20the%20expression%20of%20the%20major%20HK%2C%20AK%2C%20and%20CK%20isoforms.%20Overall%2C%20respiration%20stimulated%20by%20HK%2C%20AK%2C%20and%20CK%20was%20%5Cu223c25%2C%2090%2C%20and%2080%25%2C%20respectively%2C%20of%20the%20maximal%20respiration%20rate%2C%20and%20%5Cu223c20%2C%200%2C%20and%2025%25%2C%20respectively%2C%20was%20channeled%20to%20the%20mitochondria.%20The%20activity%2C%20distribution%2C%20and%20expression%20of%20HK%2C%20AK%2C%20and%20CK%20did%20not%20change%20in%20GAMT%20knockout%20%28KO%29%20mice.%20In%20AGAT%20KO%20mice%2C%20we%20found%20no%20changes%20in%20AK%2C%20but%20we%20found%20a%20higher%20HK%20activity%20in%20the%20mitochondrial%20fraction%2C%20greater%20expression%20of%20HK%20I%2C%20but%20a%20lower%20stimulation%20of%20respiration%20by%20HK.%20Our%20findings%20suggest%20that%20mouse%20hearts%20depend%20less%20on%20phosphotransfer%20systems%20to%20facilitate%20ADP%20flux%20across%20the%20mitochondrial%20membrane.%20In%20AGAT%20KO%20mice%2C%20which%20are%20a%20model%20of%20pure%20creatine%20deficiency%2C%20the%20changes%20in%20HK%20may%20reflect%20changes%20in%20metabolism%20as%20well%20as%20influence%20mitochondrial%20regulation%20and%20reactive%20oxygen%20species%20production.NEW%20%26amp%3B%20NOTEWORTHY%20In%20creatine-deficient%20AGAT%5Cu2212%5C%2F%5Cu2212%20and%20GAMT%5Cu2212%5C%2F%5Cu2212%20mice%2C%20the%20myocardial%20creatine%20kinase%20system%20is%20substrate%20limited.%20It%20is%20unknown%20whether%20subcellular%20localization%20and%20mitochondrial%20ADP%20channeling%20by%20hexokinase%20and%20adenylate%20kinase%20may%20compensate%20as%20alternative%20phosphotransfer%20systems.%20Our%20results%20show%20no%20changes%20in%20adenylate%20kinase%2C%20which%20is%20the%20main%20alternative%20to%20creatine%20kinase%20in%20heart.%20However%2C%20we%20found%20increased%20expression%20and%20activity%20of%20hexokinase%20I%20in%20AGAT%5Cu2212%5C%2F%5Cu2212%20cardiomyocytes.%20This%20could%20affect%20mitochondrial%20regulation%20and%20reactive%20oxygen%20species%20production.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%201%2C%202021%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00188.2020%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22branovetsCardiacExpressionLocation2021a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.physiology.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00188.2020%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220363-6135%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224R2IADLH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Branovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Barsunova%2C%20K.%2C%20Karro%2C%20N.%2C%20Lygate%2C%20C.%20A.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282021%29.%20Altered%20calcium%20handling%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20arginine-glycine%20amidinotransferase-knockout%20mice%20is%20rescued%20by%20creatine.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Heart%20and%20Circulatory%20Physiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B320%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20H805%26%23×2013%3BH825.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00300.2020%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00300.2020%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Altered%20calcium%20handling%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20arginine-glycine%20amidinotransferase-knockout%20mice%20is%20rescued%20by%20creatine%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barsunova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lygate%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20creatine%20kinase%20system%20facilitates%20energy%20transfer%20between%20mitochondria%20and%20the%20major%20ATPases%20in%20the%20heart.%20Creatine-deficient%20mice%2C%20which%20lack%20arginine-glycine%20amidinotransferase%20%28AGAT%29%20to%20synthesize%20creatine%20and%20homoarginine%2C%20exhibit%20reduced%20cardiac%20contractility.%20We%20studied%20how%20the%20absence%20of%20a%20functional%20CK%20system%20influences%20calcium%20handling%20in%20isolated%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20AGAT-knockouts%20and%20wild-type%20littermates%20as%20well%20as%20in%20AGAT-knockout%20mice%20receiving%20lifelong%20creatine%20supplementation%20via%20the%20food.%20Using%20a%20combination%20of%20whole%20cell%20patch%20clamp%20and%20fluorescence%20microscopy%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20L-type%20calcium%20channel%20%28LTCC%29%20current%20amplitude%20and%20voltage%20range%20of%20activation%20were%20significantly%20lower%20in%20AGAT-knockout%20compared%20with%20wild-type%20littermates.%20Additionally%2C%20the%20inactivation%20of%20LTCC%20and%20the%20calcium%20transient%20decay%20were%20significantly%20slower.%20According%20to%20our%20modeling%20results%2C%20these%20changes%20can%20be%20reproduced%20by%20reducing%20three%20parameters%20in%20knockout%20mice%20when%20compared%20with%20wild-type%3A%20LTCC%20conductance%2C%20the%20exchange%20constant%20of%20Ca2%2B%20transfer%20between%20subspace%20and%20cytosol%2C%20and%20SERCA%20activity.%20Because%20tissue%20expression%20of%20LTCC%20and%20SERCA%20protein%20were%20not%20significantly%20different%20between%20genotypes%2C%20this%20suggests%20the%20involvement%20of%20posttranslational%20regulatory%20mechanisms%20or%20structural%20reorganization.%20The%20AGAT-knockout%20phenotype%20of%20calcium%20handling%20was%20fully%20reversed%20by%20dietary%20creatine%20supplementation%20throughout%20life.%20Our%20results%20indicate%20reduced%20calcium%20cycling%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20AGAT-knockouts%20and%20suggest%20that%20the%20creatine%20kinase%20system%20is%20important%20for%20the%20development%20of%20calcium%20handling%20in%20the%20heart.NEW%20%26amp%3B%20NOTEWORTHY%20Creatine-deficient%20mice%20lacking%20arginine-glycine%20amidinotransferase%20exhibit%20compromised%20cardiac%20function.%20Here%2C%20we%20show%20that%20this%20is%20at%20least%20partially%20due%20to%20an%20overall%20slowing%20of%20calcium%20dynamics.%20Calcium%20influx%20into%20the%20cytosol%20via%20the%20L-type%20calcium%20current%20%28LTCC%29%20is%20diminished%2C%20and%20the%20rate%20of%20the%20sarcoendoplasmic%20reticulum%20calcium%20ATPase%20%28SERCA%29%20pumping%20calcium%20back%20into%20the%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20is%20slower.%20The%20expression%20of%20LTCC%20and%20SERCA%20did%20not%20change%2C%20suggesting%20that%20the%20changes%20are%20regulatory.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%201%2C%202021%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00300.2020%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaAlteredCalciumHandling2021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.physiology.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1152%5C%2Fajpheart.00300.2020%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220363-6135%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%2C%22RTHH5FGZ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22484S38M4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vendelin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-12-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Kalda%2C%20M.%2C%20Branovets%2C%20J.%2C%20Karro%2C%20N.%2C%20Barsunova%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%20%282020%29.%20IOCBIO%20Kinetics%3A%20An%20open-source%20software%20solution%20for%20analysis%20of%20data%20traces.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLOS%20Computational%20Biology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B16%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2812%29%2C%20e1008475.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1008475%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1008475%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22IOCBIO%20Kinetics%3A%20An%20open-source%20software%20solution%20for%20analysis%20of%20data%20traces%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jelena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branovets%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barsunova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Biological%20measurements%20frequently%20involve%20measuring%20parameters%20as%20a%20function%20of%20time%2C%20space%2C%20or%20frequency.%20Later%2C%20during%20the%20analysis%20phase%20of%20the%20study%2C%20the%20researcher%20splits%20the%20recorded%20data%20trace%20into%20smaller%20sections%2C%20analyzes%20each%20section%20separately%20by%20finding%20a%20mean%20or%20fitting%20against%20a%20specified%20function%2C%20and%20uses%20the%20analysis%20results%20in%20the%20study.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20software%20that%20allows%20to%20analyze%20these%20data%20traces%20in%20a%20manner%20that%20ensures%20repeatability%20of%20the%20analysis%20and%20simplifies%20the%20application%20of%20FAIR%20%28findability%2C%20accessibility%2C%20interoperability%2C%20and%20reusability%29%20principles%20in%20such%20studies.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20it%20simplifies%20the%20routine%20data%20analysis%20pipeline%20and%20gives%20access%20to%20a%20fast%20overview%20of%20the%20analysis%20results.%20For%20that%2C%20the%20software%20supports%20reading%20the%20raw%20data%2C%20processing%20the%20data%20as%20specified%20in%20the%20protocol%2C%20and%20storing%20all%20intermediate%20results%20in%20the%20laboratory%20database.%20The%20software%20can%20be%20extended%20by%20study-%20or%20hardware-specific%20modules%20to%20provide%20the%20required%20data%20import%20and%20analysis%20facilities.%20To%20simplify%20the%20development%20of%20the%20data%20entry%20web%20interfaces%2C%20that%20can%20be%20used%20to%20enter%20data%20describing%20the%20experiments%2C%20we%20released%20a%20web%20framework%20with%20an%20example%20implementation%20of%20such%20a%20site.%20The%20software%20is%20covered%20by%20open-source%20license%20and%20is%20available%20through%20several%20online%20channels.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Dec%2022%2C%202020%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1008475%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22vendelinIOCBIOKineticsOpensource2020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.plos.org%5C%2Fploscompbiol%5C%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pcbi.1008475%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221553-7358%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223L2J4XBY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rubinstein%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRubinstein%2C%20J.%2C%20Woo%2C%20J.%20G.%2C%20Garcia%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Alsaied%2C%20T.%2C%20Li%2C%20J.%2C%20Lunde%2C%20P.%20K.%2C%20Moore%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Sammons%2C%20A.%2C%20Mays%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20Miyamoto%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Veldtman%2C%20G.%20R.%20%282020%29.%20Probenecid%20Improves%20Cardiac%20Function%20in%20Subjects%20with%20a%20Fontan%20Circulation%20and%20Augments%20Cardiomyocyte%20Calcium%20Homeostasis.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatric%20Cardiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B41%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%288%29%2C%201675%26%23×2013%3B1688.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00246-020-02427-7%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00246-020-02427-7%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Probenecid%20Improves%20Cardiac%20Function%20in%20Subjects%20with%20a%20Fontan%20Circulation%20and%20Augments%20Cardiomyocyte%20Calcium%20Homeostasis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jack%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rubinstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anastacia%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garcia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tarek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alsaied%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Per%20Kristian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lunde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ryan%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sammons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mays%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shelley%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miyamoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gruschen%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veldtman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Subjects%20with%20functionally%20univentricular%20circulation%20who%20have%20completed%20staged%20single%20ventricle%20palliation%2C%20with%20the%20final%20stage%20culminating%20in%20the%20Fontan%20procedure%2C%20are%20often%20living%20into%20adulthood.%20However%2C%20high%20morbidity%20and%20mortality%20remain%20prevalent%20in%20these%20patients%2C%20as%20diastolic%20and%20systolic%20dysfunction%20of%20the%20single%20systemic%20ventricle%20are%20linked%20to%20Fontan%20circulatory%20failure.%20We%20presently%20investigated%20the%20effects%20of%20probenecid%20in%20post-Fontan%20patients.%20Used%20for%20decades%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20gout%2C%20probenecid%20has%20been%20shown%20in%20recent%20years%20to%20positively%20influence%20cardiac%20function%20via%20effects%20on%20the%20Transient%20Receptor%20Potential%20Vanilloid%202%20%28TRPV2%29%20channel%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%20Indeed%2C%20we%20observed%20that%20probenecid%20improved%20cardiac%20function%20and%20exercise%20performance%20in%20patients%20with%20a%20functionally%20univentricular%20circulation.%20This%20was%20consistent%20with%20our%20findings%20from%20a%20retrospective%20cohort%20of%20patients%20with%20single%20ventricle%20physiology%20where%20TRPV2%20expression%20was%20increased.%20Experiments%20in%20isolated%20cardiomyocytes%20associated%20these%20positive%20actions%20to%20augmentation%20of%20diastolic%20calcium%20homeostasis.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-12-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00246-020-02427-7%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22rubinsteinProbenecidImprovesCardiac2020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00246-020-02427-7%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221432-1971%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2265HVX4CD%22%2C%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NQ7NAEBQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tazmini%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-03-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTazmini%2C%20K.%2C%20Frisk%2C%20M.%2C%20Lewalle%2C%20A.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Morotti%2C%20S.%2C%20Lipsett%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Manfra%2C%20O.%2C%20Skogestad%2C%20J.%2C%20Aronsen%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Sejersted%2C%20O.%20M.%2C%20Sjaastad%2C%20I.%2C%20Edwards%2C%20A.%20G.%2C%20Grandi%2C%20E.%2C%20Niederer%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20%26%23xD8%3Bie%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%20%282020%29.%20Hypokalemia%20Promotes%20Arrhythmia%20by%20Distinct%20Mechanisms%20in%20Atrial%20and%20Ventricular%20Myocytes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCirculation%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B126%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%287%29%2C%20889%26%23×2013%3B906.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.119.315641%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.119.315641%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hypokalemia%20Promotes%20Arrhythmia%20by%20Distinct%20Mechanisms%20in%20Atrial%20and%20Ventricular%20Myocytes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiarash%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tazmini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frisk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewalle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefano%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipsett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ornella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manfra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skogestad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aronsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ole%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sejersted%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ivar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sjaastad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edwards%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eleonora%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grandi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niederer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu00d8ie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Download%20figureDownload%20PowerPoint%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%2027%2C%202020%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.119.315641%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22tazminiHypokalemiaPromotesArrhythmia2020a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ahajournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1161%5C%2FCIRCRESAHA.119.315641%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NCSMNAA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLu%2C%20P.%2C%20Veleti%26%23×107%3B%2C%20M.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%2C%20Halvorsen%2C%20P.%20S.%2C%20Bergsland%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Balasingham%2C%20I.%20%282019%29.%20Multi-nodal%20nano-actuator%20pacemaker%20for%20energy-efficient%20stimulation%20of%20cardiomyocytes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNano%20Communication%20Networks%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B22%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20100270.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.nancom.2019.100270%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.nancom.2019.100270%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multi-nodal%20nano-actuator%20pacemaker%20for%20energy-efficient%20stimulation%20of%20cardiomyocytes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pengfei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mladen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veleti%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Per%20Steinar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Halvorsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergsland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilangko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balasingham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20continuous%20interest%20in%20maximizing%20the%20longevity%20of%20implantable%20pacemakers%2C%20which%20are%20effective%20in%20remedying%20and%20managing%20patients%20with%20arrhythmic%20heart%20disease.%20This%20paper%20accordingly%20first%20proposes%20miniature%20actuating%20nanomachines%20that%20inter-connect%20with%20individual%20cardiomyocytes%20and%20then%20deeply%20explores%20their%20energy%20expenditure%20when%20performing%20basic%20cardiomyocyte%20stimulation%20tasks.%20Since%20evoked%20electrical%20impulses%20from%20a%20number%20of%20actuated%20cardiomyocytes%20could%20coordinate%20contraction%20throughout%20the%20remaining%20heart%20muscle%20and%20lead%20to%20a%20heart%20beat%2C%20the%20miniature%20actuating%20nanomachines%20acting%20synchronously%20form%20a%20conceptual%20multi-nodal%20nano-actuator%20pacemaker%20network.%20Rectangular-%2C%20sine-%2C%20half-sine-%2C%20and%20sawtooth%20stimulation%20pulses%20with%20varying%20configurations%20are%20considered%20for%20actuation%20of%20a%20single%20isolated%20in-silico%20cardiomyocyte%20by%20each%20of%20the%20nanomachines.%20Computer%20optimization%20methods%20with%20energy%20consumption%20as%20a%20cost%20function%20are%20utilized%20to%20configure%20preferable%20stimulation%20signals%20in%20terms%20of%20numbers%20of%20stimulation%20sessions%5C%2Fpulses%2C%20pulse%20amplitudes%2C%20and%20duration.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20simulation%20data%20are%20compared%20with%20experimental%20data%20obtained%20using%20in-vitro%20mouse%20cardiomyocytes.%20Among%20the%20considered%20waveforms%2C%20half-sine%20pulses%20that%20lead%20to%20actuation%20of%20a%20single%20cardiomyocyte%20consume%20minimum%20energy.%20None%20of%20the%20used%20sequences%20with%20multiple%20stimulation%20pulses%20reduces%20the%20overall%20energy%20expenditure%20of%20cell%20stimulation%20when%20compared%20to%20a%20single%20pulse%20stimulation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%201%2C%202019%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.nancom.2019.100270%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22luMultinodalNanoactuatorPacemaker2019%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1878778919300705%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221878-7789%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293DB2YHZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A10940083%2C%22username%22%3A%22maikemona%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmaikemona%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-09-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Lu%2C%20P.%2C%20Veleti%26%23×107%3B%2C%20M.%2C%20Louch%2C%20W.%20E.%2C%20Bergsland%2C%20J.%2C%20Balasingham%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20Energy-efficiency%20of%20Cardiomyocyte%20Stimulation%20with%20Rectangular%20Pulses.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientific%20Reports%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B9%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B9.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-49791-w%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-49791-w%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Energy-efficiency%20of%20Cardiomyocyte%20Stimulation%20with%20Rectangular%20Pulses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pengfei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mladen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veleti%5Cu0107%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergsland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ilangko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balasingham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20cardiac%20pacemaker%20design%2C%20energy%20expenditure%20is%20an%20important%20issue.%20This%20work%20aims%20to%20explore%20whether%20varying%20stimulation%20pulse%20configuration%20is%20a%20viable%20optimization%20strategy%20for%20reducing%20energy%20consumption%20by%20the%20pacemaker.%20A%20single%20cardiomyocyte%20was%20used%20as%20an%20experimental%20model.%20Each%20cardiomyocyte%20was%20stimulated%20with%20different%20stimulation%20protocols%20using%20rectangular%20waveforms%20applied%20in%20varying%20number%2C%20in%20short%20succession.%20The%20amplitude%2C%20the%20width%20of%20each%20pulse%2C%20and%20the%20interval%20between%20consecutive%20pulses%20were%20modified.%20The%20application%20of%20multiple%20pulses%20in%20a%20short%20sequence%20led%20to%20a%20reduction%20of%20the%20threshold%20voltage%20required%20for%20stimulation%20when%20compared%20to%20a%20single%20pulse.%20However%2C%20none%20of%20the%20employed%20multi-pulse%20sequences%20reduced%20the%20overall%20energy%20expenditure%20of%20cell%20stimulation%20when%20compared%20to%20a%20single%20pulse%20stimulation.%20Among%20multiple%20pulse%20protocols%2C%20a%20combination%20of%20two%20short%20pulses%20%281%5Cu2009ms%29%20separated%20with%20a%20short%20interval%20%280.5%5Cu2009ms%29%20had%20the%20same%20energy%20requirements%20as%20a%20single%20short%20pulse%20%281%5Cu2009ms%29%2C%20but%20required%20the%20application%20of%20significantly%20less%20voltage.%20While%20increasing%20the%20number%20of%20consecutive%20pulses%20does%20not%20reduce%20the%20energy%20requirements%20of%20the%20pacemaker%2C%20the%20reduction%20in%20threshold%20voltage%20can%20be%20considered%20in%20practice%20if%20lower%20stimulation%20voltages%20are%20desired.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-09-16%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-49791-w%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaEnergyefficiencyCardiomyocyteStimulation2019%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41598-019-49791-w%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BD7X32KQ%22%2C%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-04-19T10%3A46%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YII75JTJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Karro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKarro%2C%20N.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%20%282019%29.%20Respiration%20of%20permeabilized%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20mice%3A%20no%20sex%20differences%2C%20but%20substrate-dependent%20changes%20in%20the%20apparent%20ADP-affinity.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientific%20Reports%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B9%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%201%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-48964-x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-48964-x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Respiration%20of%20permeabilized%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20mice%3A%20no%20sex%20differences%2C%20but%20substrate-dependent%20changes%20in%20the%20apparent%20ADP-affinity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sex%20differences%20in%20cardiac%20physiology%20are%20getting%20increased%20attention.%20This%20study%20assessed%20whether%20isolated%2C%20permeabilized%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20male%20and%20female%20C57BL%5C%2F6%20mice%20differ%20in%20terms%20of%20their%20respiration%20with%20multiple%20substrates%20and%20overall%20intracellular%20diffusion%20restriction%20estimated%20by%20the%20apparent%20ADP-affinity%20of%20respiration.%20Using%20respirometry%2C%20we%20recorded%201%29%20the%20activities%20of%20respiratory%20complexes%20I%2C%20II%20and%20IV%2C%202%29%20the%20respiration%20rate%20with%20substrates%20fuelling%20either%20complex%20I%2C%20II%2C%20or%20I%5Cu2009%2B%5Cu2009II%2C%20and%203%29%20the%20apparent%20ADP-affinity%20with%20substrates%20fuelling%20complex%20I%20and%20I%5Cu2009%2B%5Cu2009II.%20The%20respiration%20rates%20were%20normalized%20to%20protein%20content%20and%20citrate%20synthase%20%28CS%29%20activity.%20We%20found%20no%20sex%20differences%20in%20CS%20activity%20%28a%20marker%20of%20mitochondrial%20content%29%20normalized%20to%20protein%20content%20or%20in%20any%20of%20the%20respiration%20measurements.%20This%20suggests%20that%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20male%20and%20female%20mice%20do%20not%20differ%20in%20terms%20of%20mitochondrial%20respiratory%20capacity%20and%20apparent%20ADP-affinity.%20Pyruvate%20modestly%20lowered%20the%20respiration%20rate%2C%20when%20added%20to%20succinate%2C%20glutamate%20and%20malate.%20This%20may%20be%20explained%20by%20intramitochondrial%20compartmentalization%20caused%20by%20the%20formation%20of%20supercomplexes%20and%20their%20association%20with%20specific%20dehydrogenases.%20To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20we%20show%20for%20the%20first%20time%20that%20the%20apparent%20ADP-affinity%20was%20substrate-dependent.%20This%20suggests%20that%20substrates%20may%20change%20or%20regulate%20intracellular%20barriers%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-08-29%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-019-48964-x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22karroRespirationPermeabilizedCardiomyocytes2019a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nature.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fs41598-019-48964-x%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224SHXRF9M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-03-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Karro%2C%20N.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282019%29.%20IOCBIO%20Sparks%20detection%20and%20analysis%20software.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPeerJ%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B7%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20e6652.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.6652%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.6652%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22IOCBIO%20Sparks%20detection%20and%20analysis%20software%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Analysis%20of%20calcium%20sparks%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20can%20provide%20valuable%20information%20about%20functional%20changes%20of%20calcium%20handling%20in%20health%20and%20disease.%20As%20a%20part%20of%20the%20calcium%20sparks%20analysis%2C%20sparks%20detection%20and%20characterization%20is%20necessary.%20Here%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20new%20open-source%20platform%20for%20automatic%20calcium%20sparks%20detection%20from%20line%20scan%20confocal%20images.%20The%20developed%20software%20is%20tailored%20for%20detecting%20only%20calcium%20sparks%2C%20allowing%20us%20to%20design%20a%20graphical%20user%20interface%20specifically%20for%20this%20task.%20The%20software%20enables%20detecting%20sparks%20automatically%20as%20well%20as%20adding%2C%20removing%2C%20or%20adjusting%20regions%20of%20interest%20marking%20each%20spark.%20The%20results%20of%20the%20analysis%20are%20stored%20in%20an%20SQL%20database%2C%20allowing%20simple%20integration%20with%20statistical%20tools.%20We%20have%20analyzed%20the%20performance%20of%20the%20algorithm%20using%20a%20large%20set%20of%20synthetic%20images%20with%20varying%20spark%20sizes%20and%20noise%20levels%20and%20also%20compared%20the%20analysis%20results%20with%20results%20obtained%20by%20software%20established%20in%20the%20field.%20The%20use%20of%20our%20software%20is%20illustrated%20by%20an%20analysis%20of%20the%20effect%20of%20isoprenaline%20%28ISO%29%20on%20spark%20frequency%2C%20amplitude%2C%20and%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20characteristics.%20For%20that%2C%20cardiomyocytes%20from%20C57BL%5C%2F6%20mice%20were%20used.%20We%20demonstrated%20an%20increase%20in%20spark%20frequency%2C%20tendency%20of%20having%20larger%20spark%20amplitudes%2C%20sparks%20with%20a%20longer%20duration%2C%20and%20occurrence%20of%20multiple%20sparks%20from%20the%20same%20site%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20ISO.%20We%20also%20show%20that%20the%20duration%20and%20the%20width%20of%20sparks%20with%20the%20same%20amplitude%20were%20similar%20in%20the%20absence%20and%20presence%20of%20ISO.%20The%20software%20was%20released%20as%20an%20open%20source%20repository%20and%20is%20available%20for%20free%20use%20and%20collaborative%20development.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-03-29%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7717%5C%2Fpeerj.6652%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaIOCBIOSparksDetection2019a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpeerj.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F6652%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222167-8359%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NRKGJHRB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Karro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKarro%2C%20N.%2C%20Sepp%2C%20M.%2C%20Jugai%2C%20S.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%20%282017%29.%20Metabolic%20compartmentation%20in%20rainbow%20trout%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20coupling%20of%20hexokinase%20but%20not%20creatine%20kinase%20to%20mitochondrial%20respiration.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Comparative%20Physiology%20B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B187%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20103%26%23×2013%3B116.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00360-016-1025-x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00360-016-1025-x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metabolic%20compartmentation%20in%20rainbow%20trout%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20coupling%20of%20hexokinase%20but%20not%20creatine%20kinase%20to%20mitochondrial%20respiration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Niina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mervi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sepp%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Svetlana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jugai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rainbow%20trout%20%28Oncorhynchus%20mykiss%29%20cardiomyocytes%20have%20a%20simple%20morphology%20with%20fewer%20membrane%20structures%20such%20as%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20and%20t-tubules%20penetrating%20the%20cytosol.%20Despite%20this%2C%20intracellular%20ADP%20diffusion%20is%20restricted.%20Intriguingly%2C%20although%20diffusion%20is%20restricted%2C%20trout%20cardiomyocytes%20seem%20to%20lack%20the%20coupling%20between%20mitochondrial%20creatine%20kinase%20%28CK%29%20and%20respiration.%20Our%20aim%20was%20to%20study%20the%20distribution%20of%20diffusion%20restrictions%20in%20permeabilized%20trout%20cardiomyocytes%20and%20verify%20the%20role%20of%20CK.%20We%20found%20a%20high%20activity%20of%20hexokinase%20%28HK%29%2C%20which%20led%20us%20to%20reassess%20the%20situation%20in%20trout%20cardiomyocytes.%20We%20show%20that%20diffusion%20restrictions%20are%20more%20prominent%20than%20previously%20thought.%20In%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20competitive%20ADP-trapping%20system%2C%20ADP%20produced%20by%20HK%2C%20but%20not%20CK%2C%20was%20channeled%20to%20the%20mitochondria.%20In%20agreement%20with%20this%2C%20we%20found%20no%20positively%20charged%20mitochondrial%20CK%20in%20trout%20heart%20homogenate.%20The%20results%20were%20best%20fit%20by%20a%20simple%20mathematical%20model%20suggesting%20that%20trout%20cardiomyocytes%20lack%20a%20functional%20coupling%20between%20ATPases%20and%20pyruvate%20kinase.%20The%20model%20simulations%20show%20that%20diffusion%20is%20restricted%20to%20almost%20the%20same%20extent%20in%20the%20cytosol%20and%20by%20the%20outer%20mitochondrial%20membrane.%20Furthermore%2C%20they%20confirm%20that%20HK%2C%20but%20not%20CK%2C%20is%20functionally%20coupled%20to%20respiration.%20In%20perspective%2C%20our%20results%20suggest%20that%20across%20a%20range%20of%20species%2C%20cardiomyocyte%20morphology%20and%20metabolism%20go%20hand%20in%20hand%20with%20cardiac%20performance%2C%20which%20is%20adapted%20to%20the%20circumstances.%20Mitochondrial%20CK%20is%20coupled%20to%20respiration%20in%20adult%20mammalian%20hearts%2C%20which%20are%20specialized%20to%20high%2C%20sustained%20performance.%20HK%20associates%20with%20mitochondria%20in%20hearts%20of%20trout%20and%20neonatal%20mammals%2C%20which%20are%20more%20hypoxia-tolerant.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-01-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00360-016-1025-x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22karroMetabolicCompartmentationRainbow2017b%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00360-016-1025-x%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221432-136X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224LKRY36E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A10940083%2C%22username%22%3A%22maikemona%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmaikemona%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Revealing%20calcium%20fluxes%20by%20analyzing%20inhibition%20dynamics%20in%20action%20potential%20clamp.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Molecular%20and%20Cellular%20Cardiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B100%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2093%26%23×2013%3B108.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.08.015%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.08.015%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Revealing%20calcium%20fluxes%20by%20analyzing%20inhibition%20dynamics%20in%20action%20potential%20clamp%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20cardiac%20excitation-contraction%20coupling%20%28ECC%29%2C%20calcium%20enters%20the%20cytosol%20via%20L-type%20Ca2%2B%20channels%20%28LTCC%29%20and%20reverse%20Na%2B%5C%2FCa2%2B-exchange%20%28NCXrev%29%2C%20or%20is%20released%20from%20the%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20%28SR%29%20by%20Ca2%2B-induced%20Ca2%2B-release%20%28CICR%29.%20The%20magnitude%20of%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20via%20the%20different%20pathways%20varies%20with%20the%20state%20of%20the%20cell%20and%20is%20difficult%20to%20assess%20quantitatively%2C%20because%20changes%20in%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20through%20one%20pathway%20affect%20the%20others.%20In%20rainbow%20trout%20ventricular%20myocytes%2C%20the%20role%20of%20the%20SR%20has%20been%20uncertain%20for%20decades.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20work%20was%20therefore%20two-fold%3A%201%29%20to%20develop%20a%20method%20to%20quantify%20the%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20pathways%2C%20and%202%29%20to%20determine%20the%20role%20of%20CICR%20from%20the%20SR%20in%20trout%20ventricular%20myocytes.%20The%20novelty%20of%20our%20developed%20method%20lies%20in%20the%20mathematical%20analysis%20of%20measured%20transsarcolemmal%20Ca2%2B%20currents%20and%20their%20impact%20on%20the%20corresponding%20Ca2%2B%20transient%20during%20gradual%20inhibition%20of%20the%20currents%20in%20action%20potential%20%28AP%29%20clamp.%20We%20tested%20the%20developed%20method%20using%20an%20excitation-contraction%20model%20and%20showed%20that%20the%20method%20was%20able%20to%20recover%20calcium%20fluxes%20from%20noisy%20synthetic%20data.%20We%20applied%20the%20approach%20to%20trout%20ventricular%20myocytes%20and%20quantified%20the%20relative%20contributions%20of%20different%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20pathways%20in%20ECC%20and%20determined%20the%20kinetics%20of%20these%20fluxes.%20Under%20baseline%20conditions%2C%20NCXrev%20is%20the%20main%20transmembrane%20Ca2%2B%20influx%20pathway%20contributing%2029%20%5Cu00b1%206%25%20%28of%20the%20Ca2%2B%20influx%29%2C%20LTCC%2018%20%5Cu00b1%207%25%2C%20and%20CICR%2053%20%5Cu00b1%2010%25%20to%20overall%20Ca2%2B%20transient.%20Thus%2C%20NCXrev%20is%20an%20important%20regulator%20of%20contractility%20and%20probably%20plays%20a%20role%20in%20the%20negative%20force-frequency%20relationship%20of%20trout%20ventricular%20preparations.%20These%20results%20demonstrate%20that%20trout%20and%20neonatal%20mammalian%20cardiomyocytes%20resemble%20each%20other%20not%20only%20in%20terms%20of%20morphology%20and%20energetics%20but%20ECC%20as%20well.%20In%20summary%2C%20the%20developed%20method%20resolves%20the%20major%20problem%20how%20to%20separate%20highly%20interconnected%20fluxes%20in%20AP%20clamp%20and%20allows%20to%20study%20Ca2%2B%20fluxes%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20under%20conditions%20close%20to%20in%20vivo.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.08.015%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaRevealingCalciumFluxes2016a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022282816303157%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2828%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2265HVX4CD%22%2C%22BD7X32KQ%22%2C%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-04-19T10%3A46%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225VNJGVDG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Simson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSimson%2C%20P.%2C%20Jepihhina%2C%20N.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Peterson%2C%20P.%2C%20Birkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Restricted%20ADP%20movement%20in%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20Cytosolic%20diffusion%20obstacles%20are%20complemented%20with%20a%20small%20number%20of%20open%20mitochondrial%20voltage-dependent%20anion%20channels.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Molecular%20and%20Cellular%20Cardiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B97%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20197%26%23×2013%3B203.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.04.012%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.04.012%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Restricted%20ADP%20movement%20in%20cardiomyocytes%3A%20Cytosolic%20diffusion%20obstacles%20are%20complemented%20with%20a%20small%20number%20of%20open%20mitochondrial%20voltage-dependent%20anion%20channels%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00e4ivo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natalja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jepihhina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pearu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Adequate%20intracellular%20energy%20transfer%20is%20crucial%20for%20proper%20cardiac%20function.%20In%20energy%20starved%20failing%20hearts%2C%20partial%20restoration%20of%20energy%20transfer%20can%20rescue%20mechanical%20performance.%20There%20are%20two%20types%20of%20diffusion%20obstacles%20that%20interfere%20with%20energy%20transfer%20from%20mitochondria%20to%20ATPases%3A%20mitochondrial%20outer%20membrane%20%28MOM%29%20with%20voltage-dependent%20anion%20channel%20%28VDAC%29%20permeable%20to%20small%20hydrophilic%20molecules%20and%20cytoplasmatic%20diffusion%20barriers%20grouping%20ATP-producers%20and%20-consumers.%20So%20far%2C%20there%20is%20no%20method%20developed%20to%20clearly%20distinguish%20the%20contributions%20of%20cytoplasmatic%20barriers%20and%20MOM%20to%20the%20overall%20diffusion%20restriction.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20number%20of%20open%20VDACs%20in%20vivo%20remains%20unknown.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20work%20was%20to%20establish%20the%20partitioning%20of%20intracellular%20diffusion%20obstacles%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%20We%20studied%20the%20response%20of%20mitochondrial%20oxidative%20phosphorylation%20of%20permeabilized%20rat%20cardiomyocytes%20to%20changes%20in%20extracellular%20ADP%20by%20recording%203D%20image%20stacks%20of%20NADH%20autofluorescence.%20Using%20cell-specific%20mathematical%20models%2C%20we%20determined%20the%20permeability%20of%20MOM%20and%20cytoplasmatic%20barriers.%20We%20found%20that%20only%20~%202%25%20of%20VDACs%20are%20accessible%20to%20cytosolic%20ADP%20and%20cytoplasmatic%20diffusion%20barriers%20reduce%20the%20apparent%20diffusion%20coefficient%20by%206%5Cu201310%20%5Cu00d7.%20In%20cardiomyocytes%2C%20diffusion%20barriers%20in%20the%20cytoplasm%20and%20by%20the%20MOM%20restrict%20ADP%5C%2FATP%20diffusion%20to%20similar%20extents%20suggesting%20a%20major%20role%20of%20both%20barriers%20in%20energy%20transfer%20and%20other%20intracellular%20processes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.yjmcc.2016.04.012%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22simsonRestrictedADPMovement2016%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022282816300785%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2227261153%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-2828%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293F6IIP9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Birkedal%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBirkedal%2C%20R.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282014%29.%20The%20location%20of%20energetic%20compartments%20affects%20energetic%20communication%20in%20cardiomyocytes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFrontiers%20in%20Physiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B5%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20376.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffphys.2014.00376%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffphys.2014.00376%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20location%20of%20energetic%20compartments%20affects%20energetic%20communication%20in%20cardiomyocytes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rikke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Birkedal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20heart%20relies%20on%20accurate%20regulation%20of%20mitochondrial%20energy%20supply%20to%20match%20energy%20demand.%20The%20main%20regulators%20are%20Ca2%2B%20and%20feedback%20of%20ADP%20and%20Pi.%20Regulation%20via%20feedback%20has%20intrigued%20for%20decades.%20First%2C%20the%20heart%20exhibits%20a%20remarkable%20metabolic%20stability.%20Second%2C%20diffusion%20of%20ADP%20and%20other%20molecules%20is%20restricted%20specifically%20in%20heart%20and%20red%20muscle%2C%20where%20a%20fast%20feedback%20is%20needed%20the%20most.%20To%20explain%20the%20regulation%20by%20feedback%2C%20compartmentalization%20must%20be%20taken%20into%20account.%20Experiments%20and%20theoretical%20approaches%20suggest%20that%20cardiomyocyte%20energetic%20compartmentalization%20is%20elaborate%20with%20barriers%20obstructing%20diffusion%20in%20the%20cytosol%20and%20at%20the%20level%20of%20the%20mitochondrial%20outer%20membrane%20%28MOM%29.%20A%20recent%20study%20suggests%20the%20barriers%20are%20organized%20in%20a%20lattice%20with%20dimensions%20in%20agreement%20with%20those%20of%20intracellular%20structures.%20Here%2C%20we%20discuss%20the%20possible%20location%20of%20these%20barriers.%20The%20more%20plausible%20scenario%20includes%20a%20barrier%20at%20the%20level%20of%20MOM.%20Much%20research%20has%20focused%20on%20how%20the%20permeability%20of%20MOM%20itself%20is%20regulated%2C%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20creatine%20kinase%20system%20to%20facilitate%20energetic%20communication.%20We%20hypothesize%20that%20at%20least%20part%20of%20the%20diffusion%20restriction%20at%20the%20MOM%20level%20is%20not%20by%20MOM%20itself%2C%20but%20due%20to%20the%20close%20physical%20association%20between%20the%20sarcoplasmic%20reticulum%20%28SR%29%20and%20mitochondria.%20This%20will%20explain%20why%20animals%20with%20a%20disabled%20creatine%20kinase%20system%20exhibit%20rather%20mild%20phenotype%20modifications.%20Mitochondria%20are%20hubs%20of%20energetics%2C%20but%20also%20ROS%20production%20and%20signaling.%20The%20close%20association%20between%20SR%20and%20mitochondria%20may%20form%20a%20diffusion%20barrier%20to%20ADP%20added%20outside%20a%20permeabilized%20cardiomyocyte.%20But%20in%20vivo%2C%20it%20is%20the%20structural%20basis%20for%20the%20mitochondrial-SR%20coupling%20that%20is%20crucial%20for%20the%20regulation%20of%20mitochondrial%20Ca2%2B-transients%20to%20regulate%20energetics%2C%20and%20for%20avoiding%20Ca2%2B-overload%20and%20irreversible%20opening%20of%20the%20mitochondrial%20permeability%20transition%20pore.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffphys.2014.00376%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22birkedalLocationEnergeticCompartments2014a%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournal.frontiersin.org%5C%2FJournal%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffphys.2014.00376%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2225324784%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%2C%22SRLII449%22%2C%22ZX2RBW5Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QRQRUBJ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Illaste%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-02-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BIllaste%2C%20A.%2C%20Laasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Peterson%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%20%282012%29.%20Analysis%20of%20Molecular%20Movement%20Reveals%20Latticelike%20Obstructions%20to%20Diffusion%20in%20Heart%20Muscle%20Cells.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBiophysical%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B102%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20739%26%23×2013%3B748.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.bpj.2012.01.012%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.bpj.2012.01.012%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analysis%20of%20Molecular%20Movement%20Reveals%20Latticelike%20Obstructions%20to%20Diffusion%20in%20Heart%20Muscle%20Cells%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Illaste%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pearu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peterson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Intracellular%20diffusion%20in%20muscle%20cells%20is%20known%20to%20be%20restricted.%20Although%20characteristics%20and%20localization%20of%20these%20restrictions%20is%20yet%20to%20be%20elucidated%2C%20it%20has%20been%20established%20that%20ischemia-reperfusion%20injury%20reduces%20the%20overall%20diffusion%20restriction.%20Here%20we%20apply%20an%20extended%20version%20of%20raster%20image%20correlation%20spectroscopy%20to%20determine%20directional%20anisotropy%20and%20coefficients%20of%20diffusion%20in%20rat%20cardiomyocytes.%20Our%20experimental%20results%20indicate%20that%20diffusion%20of%20a%20smaller%20molecule%20%281127%20MW%20fluorescently%20labeled%20ATTO633-ATP%29%20is%20restricted%20more%20than%20that%20of%20a%20larger%20one%20%2810%2C000%20MW%20Alexa647-dextran%29%2C%20when%20comparing%20diffusion%20in%20cardiomyocytes%20to%20that%20in%20solution.%20We%20attempt%20to%20provide%20a%20resolution%20to%20this%20counterintuitive%20result%20by%20applying%20a%20quantitative%20stochastic%20model%20of%20diffusion.%20Modeling%20results%20suggest%20the%20presence%20of%20periodic%20intracellular%20barriers%20situated%20%5Cu223c1%20%5Cu03bcm%20apart%20having%20very%20low%20permeabilities%20and%20a%20small%20effect%20of%20molecular%20crowding%20in%20volumes%20between%20the%20barriers.%20Such%20intracellular%20structuring%20could%20restrict%20diffusion%20of%20molecules%20of%20energy%20metabolism%2C%20reactive%20oxygen%20species%2C%20and%20apoptotic%20signals%2C%20enacting%20a%20significant%20role%20in%20normally%20functioning%20cardiomyocytes%20as%20well%20as%20in%20pathological%20conditions%20of%20the%20heart.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%2022%2C%202012%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.bpj.2012.01.012%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22illasteAnalysisMolecularMovement2012d%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0006349512000859%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220006-3495%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UMV4QTJV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4906808%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9570835%2C%22username%22%3A%22hamed-karimi%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fhamed-karimi%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laasmaa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaasmaa%2C%20M.%2C%20Vendelin%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Peterson%2C%20P.%20%282011%29.%20Application%20of%20regularized%20Richardson-Lucy%20algorithm%20for%20deconvolution%20of%20confocal%20microscopy%20images.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Microscopy%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B243%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20124%26%23×2013%3B140.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2818.2011.03486.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2818.2011.03486.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Application%20of%20regularized%20Richardson-Lucy%20algorithm%20for%20deconvolution%20of%20confocal%20microscopy%20images%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laasmaa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vendelin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peterson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20confocal%20microscopes%20have%20considerably%20smaller%20contribution%20of%20out-of-focus%20light%20than%20widefield%20microscopes%2C%20the%20confocal%20images%20can%20still%20be%20enhanced%20mathematically%20if%20the%20optical%20and%20data%20acquisition%20effects%20are%20accounted%20for.%20For%20that%2C%20several%20deconvolution%20algorithms%20have%20been%20proposed.%20As%20a%20practical%20solution%2C%20maximum-likelihood%20algorithms%20with%20regularization%20have%20been%20used.%20However%2C%20the%20choice%20of%20regularization%20parameters%20is%20often%20unknown%20although%20it%20has%20considerable%20effect%20on%20the%20result%20of%20deconvolution%20process.%20The%20aims%20of%20this%20work%20were%3A%20to%20find%20good%20estimates%20of%20deconvolution%20parameters%3B%20and%20to%20develop%20an%20open%20source%20software%20package%20that%20would%20allow%20testing%20different%20deconvolution%20algorithms%20and%20that%20would%20be%20easy%20to%20use%20in%20practice.%20Here%2C%20Richardson-Lucy%20algorithm%20has%20been%20implemented%20together%20with%20the%20total%20variation%20regularization%20in%20an%20open%20source%20software%20package%20IOCBio%20Microscope.%20The%20influence%20of%20total%20variation%20regularization%20on%20deconvolution%20process%20is%20determined%20by%20one%20parameter.%20We%20derived%20a%20formula%20to%20estimate%20this%20regularization%20parameter%20automatically%20from%20the%20images%20as%20the%20algorithm%20progresses.%20To%20assess%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20this%20algorithm%2C%20synthetic%20images%20were%20composed%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20confocal%20images%20of%20rat%20cardiomyocytes.%20From%20the%20analysis%20of%20deconvolved%20results%2C%20we%20have%20determined%20under%20which%20conditions%20our%20estimation%20of%20total%20variation%20regularization%20parameter%20gives%20good%20results.%20The%20estimated%20total%20variation%20regularization%20parameter%20can%20be%20monitored%20during%20deconvolution%20process%20and%20used%20as%20a%20stopping%20criterion.%20An%20inverse%20relation%20between%20the%20optimal%20regularization%20parameter%20and%20the%20peak%20signal-to-noise%20ratio%20of%20an%20image%20is%20shown.%20Finally%2C%20we%20demonstrate%20the%20use%20of%20the%20developed%20software%20by%20deconvolving%20images%20of%20rat%20cardiomyocytes%20with%20stained%20mitochondria%20and%20sarcolemma%20obtained%20by%20confocal%20and%20widefield%20microscopes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202011%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2818.2011.03486.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22laasmaaApplicationRegularizedRichardsonLucy2011b%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpubmed%5C%2F21323670%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2221323670%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2818%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BJ28HM24%22%2C%22ZX2RBW5Y%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-17T09%3A04%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Karimi, H., Gustavson, O., Česnokova, I., Branovets, J., Birkedal, R., Laasmaa, M., & Vendelin, M. (2026). A Unified Platform for FCS and RICS Analysis with Advanced Statistical Inference. ACS Omega, 11(12), 19201–19219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c12269
Branovets, J., Laasmaa, M., Stolova, J., Shen, X., Rätsepso, T., Bernasconi, R., Soodla, K., Balodis, M. J., Grahv, C., Hendrikson, E., Louch, W. E., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2025). Lifelong creatine deficiency leads to augmented sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release but not heart failure. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 329(2), H471–H489. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00106.2025
Karimi, H., Laasmaa, M., Pihlak, M., & Vendelin, M. (2025). Statistical analysis of fluorescence intensity transients with Bayesian methods. Science Advances, 11(16), eads4609. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads4609
Jaska, L., Birkedal, R., Laasmaa, M., & Vendelin, M. (2024). Simple Analysis of Gel Images With IOCBIO Gel Software. Bio-Protocol, 14(16), e5053. https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.5053
Kütt, J., Margus, G., Kask, L., Rätsepso, T., Soodla, K., Bernasconi, R., Birkedal, R., Järv, P., Laasmaa, M., & Vendelin, M. (2023). Simple analysis of gel images with IOCBIO Gel. BMC Biology, 21(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-023-01734-8
Li, J., Sundnes, J., Hou, Y., Laasmaa, M., Ruud, M., Unger, A., Kolstad, T. R., Frisk, M., Norseng, P. A., Yang, L., Setterberg, I. E., Alves, E. S., Kalakoutis, M., Sejersted, O. M., Lanner, J. T., Linke, W. A., Lunde, I. G., de Tombe, P. P., & Louch, W. E. (2023). Stretch Harmonizes Sarcomere Strain Across the Cardiomyocyte. Circulation Research, 133(3), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322588
Hou, Y., Laasmaa, M., Li, J., Shen, X., Manfra, O., Nordén, E. S., Le, C., Zhang, L., Sjaastad, I., Jones, P. P., Soeller, C., & Louch, W. E. (2023). Live-cell photoactivated localization microscopy correlates nanoscale ryanodine receptor configuration to calcium sparks in cardiomyocytes. Nature Cardiovascular Research, 2(3), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-022-00199-2
Laasmaa, M., Branovets, J., Stolova, J., Shen, X., Rätsepso, T., Balodis, M. J., Grahv, C., Hendrikson, E., Louch, W. E., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2023). Cardiomyocytes from female compared to male mice have larger ryanodine receptor clusters and higher calcium spark frequency. The Journal of Physiology, 601(18), 4033–4052. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP284515
Birkedal, R., Laasmaa, M., Branovets, J., & Vendelin, M. (2022). Ontogeny of cardiomyocytes: ultrastructure optimization to meet the demand for tight communication in excitation–contraction coupling and energy transfer. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377(1864), 20210321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0321
Shen, X., van den Brink, J., Bergan-Dahl, A., Kolstad, T. R., Norden, E. S., Hou, Y., Laasmaa, M., Aguilar-Sanchez, Y., Quick, A. P., Espe, E. K., Sjaastad, I., Wehrens, X. H., Edwards, A. G., Soeller, C., & Louch, W. E. (2022). Prolonged β-adrenergic stimulation disperses ryanodine receptor clusters in cardiomyocytes and has implications for heart failure. eLife, 11, e77725. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.77725
Frisk, M., Le, C., Shen, X., Røe, Å. T., Hou, Y., Manfra, O., Silva, G. J. J., van Hout, I., Norden, E. S., Aronsen, J. M., Laasmaa, M., Espe, E. K. S., Zouein, F. A., Lambert, R. R., Dahl, C. P., Sjaastad, I., Lunde, I. G., Coffey, S., Cataliotti, A., … Louch, W. E. (2021). Etiology-Dependent Impairment of Diastolic Cardiomyocyte Calcium Homeostasis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 77(4), 405–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.044
Branovets, J., Karro, N., Barsunova, K., Laasmaa, M., Lygate, C. A., Vendelin, M., & Birkedal, R. (2021). Cardiac expression and location of hexokinase changes in a mouse model of pure creatine deficiency. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 320(2), H613–H629. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00188.2020
Laasmaa, M., Branovets, J., Barsunova, K., Karro, N., Lygate, C. A., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2021). Altered calcium handling in cardiomyocytes from arginine-glycine amidinotransferase-knockout mice is rescued by creatine. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 320(2), H805–H825. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00300.2020
Vendelin, M., Laasmaa, M., Kalda, M., Branovets, J., Karro, N., Barsunova, K., & Birkedal, R. (2020). IOCBIO Kinetics: An open-source software solution for analysis of data traces. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(12), e1008475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008475
Rubinstein, J., Woo, J. G., Garcia, A. M., Alsaied, T., Li, J., Lunde, P. K., Moore, R. A., Laasmaa, M., Sammons, A., Mays, W. A., Miyamoto, S. D., Louch, W. E., & Veldtman, G. R. (2020). Probenecid Improves Cardiac Function in Subjects with a Fontan Circulation and Augments Cardiomyocyte Calcium Homeostasis. Pediatric Cardiology, 41(8), 1675–1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-020-02427-7
Tazmini, K., Frisk, M., Lewalle, A., Laasmaa, M., Morotti, S., Lipsett, D. B., Manfra, O., Skogestad, J., Aronsen, J. M., Sejersted, O. M., Sjaastad, I., Edwards, A. G., Grandi, E., Niederer, S. A., Øie, E., & Louch, W. E. (2020). Hypokalemia Promotes Arrhythmia by Distinct Mechanisms in Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes. Circulation Research, 126(7), 889–906. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315641
Lu, P., Veletić, M., Laasmaa, M., Vendelin, M., Louch, W. E., Halvorsen, P. S., Bergsland, J., & Balasingham, I. (2019). Multi-nodal nano-actuator pacemaker for energy-efficient stimulation of cardiomyocytes. Nano Communication Networks, 22, 100270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2019.100270
Laasmaa, M., Lu, P., Veletić, M., Louch, W. E., Bergsland, J., Balasingham, I., & Vendelin, M. (2019). Energy-efficiency of Cardiomyocyte Stimulation with Rectangular Pulses. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49791-w
Karro, N., Laasmaa, M., Vendelin, M., & Birkedal, R. (2019). Respiration of permeabilized cardiomyocytes from mice: no sex differences, but substrate-dependent changes in the apparent ADP-affinity. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48964-x
Laasmaa, M., Karro, N., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2019). IOCBIO Sparks detection and analysis software. PeerJ, 7, e6652. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6652
Karro, N., Sepp, M., Jugai, S., Laasmaa, M., Vendelin, M., & Birkedal, R. (2017). Metabolic compartmentation in rainbow trout cardiomyocytes: coupling of hexokinase but not creatine kinase to mitochondrial respiration. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 187(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-1025-x
Laasmaa, M., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2016). Revealing calcium fluxes by analyzing inhibition dynamics in action potential clamp. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 100, 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.015
Simson, P., Jepihhina, N., Laasmaa, M., Peterson, P., Birkedal, R., & Vendelin, M. (2016). Restricted ADP movement in cardiomyocytes: Cytosolic diffusion obstacles are complemented with a small number of open mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 97, 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.012
Birkedal, R., Laasmaa, M., & Vendelin, M. (2014). The location of energetic compartments affects energetic communication in cardiomyocytes. Frontiers in Physiology, 5, 376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00376
Illaste, A., Laasmaa, M., Peterson, P., & Vendelin, M. (2012). Analysis of Molecular Movement Reveals Latticelike Obstructions to Diffusion in Heart Muscle Cells. Biophysical Journal, 102(4), 739–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.012
Laasmaa, M., Vendelin, M., & Peterson, P. (2011). Application of regularized Richardson-Lucy algorithm for deconvolution of confocal microscopy images. Journal of Microscopy, 243(2), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03486.x